What is childhood trauma?+
Childhood trauma refers to experiences of abuse, neglect, or other adversity during childhood that overwhelm the child's developmental capacity to cope. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) framework identifies 5 distinct dimensions: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. Childhood trauma is extremely common — about two-thirds of US adults report at least one significant adverse childhood experience, and roughly 12% report severe childhood adversity across multiple dimensions. The impact extends well beyond the childhood years; research consistently links childhood trauma to elevated risk for adult mental health conditions, physical health conditions, and relational difficulties. The good news is that the impact is also treatable — even severe childhood trauma is healable with sustained trauma-focused therapy.
What is the CTQ?+
The CTQ (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) is the most widely used self-report childhood-trauma screening tool, developed by David Bernstein and Laura Fink in 1998. The full version (CTQ-LF) has 70 items; the short form (CTQ-SF) has 28 items covering the 5 dimensions. It has strong psychometric properties and is the standard instrument in childhood-trauma research worldwide. The Mindshape childhood trauma test is modelled on the CTQ structure — 15 items across the 5 dimensions — adapted for online self-reflection. For formal clinical use, the validated CTQ-SF should be administered.
How does childhood trauma affect adults?+
Childhood trauma produces measurable and well-documented effects in adulthood across multiple domains. Mental health: elevated rates of PTSD, complex PTSD, depression, anxiety, borderline patterns, substance use, eating disorders. Physical health: the ACE Study and subsequent research show dose-response relationships between childhood adversity and adult heart disease, autoimmune conditions, diabetes, COPD, and many cancers. Relationships: childhood trauma strongly predicts insecure attachment patterns, difficulty with intimacy, and challenges with self-trust and trust in others. The effects are real and substantial — but they are also significantly modifiable with appropriate therapy. Many adults with severe childhood trauma develop earned-secure attachment, complete trauma processing, and live lives with very different quality than their childhood would have predicted.
What's the difference between childhood trauma and ACE score?+
Both measure childhood adversity but differ in framing. The CTQ (this test) measures the intensity and frequency of specific trauma types across 5 dimensions, producing a continuous score per dimension. The ACE score (Felitti et al., 1998) is a binary 10-item count of specific adverse experiences (any/none for each) — it's simpler and broader, including household dysfunction beyond direct abuse. Both are useful. The ACE score is better for population-level epidemiology and quick screening; the CTQ provides more nuanced clinical information about the specific patterns to address in therapy. We have separate pages for each.
How is childhood trauma treated in adults?+
The most evidence-based approaches for adult treatment of childhood trauma are: EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing — Shapiro), IFS (Internal Family Systems — Schwartz), sensorimotor psychotherapy (Pat Ogden's body-based approach), schema therapy (Jeffrey Young — specifically designed for childhood-origin patterns), and trauma-focused CBT. For complex/sustained childhood trauma, longer-term work (often 2-5 years) is typically needed. The therapeutic relationship itself often becomes the corrective attachment experience that childhood didn't provide. Generic talk therapy is often the wrong tool — look specifically for clinicians with explicit trauma training, ideally trained in EMDR or IFS or schema therapy.
Can childhood trauma be healed?+
Yes — extensively and increasingly well-documented. The neuroplasticity research of the past 20 years has fundamentally changed the picture: the brain remains modifiable across the lifespan, and trauma networks can be substantially reprocessed even decades after the original events. Many adults with severe childhood trauma report substantially different quality of life after 2-5 years of sustained trauma-focused therapy. The arc is real even when slow. The most important predictor of healing is access to a skilled trauma therapist combined with sufficient time — both of which are within reach for most adults willing to invest in the work.
How long does this test take?+
The Mindshape childhood trauma test takes most people 3-5 minutes. It is 15 items on a 5-point scale, asking about your childhood. Results appear instantly with a per-dimension breakdown across the 5 CTQ dimensions.